Sano-Fujii I
Mech Ageing Dev. 1979 May;10(3-4):283-93. doi: 10.1016/0047-6374(79)90042-3.
Three similar experiments were conducted to see the effect of parental age and parental developmental speed on the production of "active-form" (i.e., capable of flight) offspring in Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). In experiment I, using the adults which emerged on three different days (as fast, intermediate, and slow in development), eggs were collected on three different days (at young, middle, and old age) during the adult life span. The results showed that the older parents produced more active-form offspring irrespective of the parents' own rate of development. In experiment II, the parental rate of development was investigated in more detail by using the adults that emerged over the entire span of their emergence period. In experiment III, the effect of parental age was investigated in more detail by collecting the eggs daily during the female adult's entire life span. Both experiments confirmed the trend observed in experiment I. From these results it can be concluded that the older the parents, the higher the percentage of the active form in their offspring. However, there was no significant systematic trend due to the length of the developmental period of the parents as seen in the parental age. This trend, that more active forms emerge from older parents, seems to be related to the decreased viability of older parents. It is thought that the less viable eggs produced by older parents are more susceptible to stimuli which induce the active form.
进行了三项类似的实验，以观察亲本年龄和亲本发育速度对黄斑豆象（Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)）“活跃型”（即能够飞行）后代产生的影响。在实验I中，使用在三个不同日期羽化的成虫（发育速度分别为快、中、慢），在成虫寿命期间的三个不同日期（年轻、中年和老年）收集卵。结果表明，无论亲本自身的发育速度如何，年龄较大的亲本产生的活跃型后代更多。在实验II中，通过使用在整个羽化期羽化的成虫，更详细地研究了亲本的发育速度。在实验III中，通过在雌性成虫的整个寿命期间每天收集卵，更详细地研究了亲本年龄的影响。两项实验都证实了在实验I中观察到的趋势。从这些结果可以得出结论，亲本年龄越大，其后代中活跃型的比例越高。然而，与亲本年龄不同，亲本发育时期的长度并没有显著的系统趋势。这种年龄较大的亲本产生更多活跃型后代的趋势，似乎与年龄较大的亲本活力下降有关。据认为，年龄较大的亲本产生的活力较低的卵更容易受到诱导活跃型的刺激。
