Murray R L, Schaffel N A, Geiger J W, Long C L, Blakemore W S
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1979 Jul-Aug;3(4):219-25. doi: 10.1177/014860717900300403.
The moisture contents of foods, fluids, and parenteral solutions taken in and of all samples excreted, the water of oxidation of fuel mixtures burned, and the evaporative water loss must be determined in order to obtain a quantitative picture of water balance. Because there is a tendency to retain water after trauma, surgery, or an acute illness, changes in the water compartment of the body may lead to changes in body weight that may be considered erroneously as changes in energy or protein stores. Measurement of water balance, in addition to calorie and nitrogen balance is one of the most accurate means of accounting for these changes in body composition. Fluid and electrolyte therapy and nutritional supplementation can be tailored to meet the patient's specific needs by utilizing this information. Application of these principles to the care of hospitalized patients outside of the research setting will be discussed.
为了获得水平衡的定量情况，必须测定摄入的食物、液体和肠外溶液以及所有排出样本的水分含量、燃烧的燃料混合物的氧化水和蒸发失水量。由于创伤、手术或急性疾病后有保水倾向，身体水室的变化可能导致体重变化，而这种变化可能被错误地认为是能量或蛋白质储备的变化。除了热量和氮平衡外，水平衡的测量是解释这些身体成分变化的最准确方法之一。利用这些信息，可以调整液体和电解质疗法以及营养补充剂，以满足患者的特定需求。将讨论这些原则在研究环境之外对住院患者护理中的应用。
