Frank R A, Cohen D J
Am J Psychiatry. 1979 Dec;136(12):1518-24. doi: 10.1176/ajp.136.12.1518.
The authors studied 8 sets of healthy twins, ranging in physical maturity from prepubertal to late pubertal, and their parents to assess psychological changes in early adolescence. Interview and questionnaire data suggested that self-doubt, avoidance of responsiblity, resentment of parents, and anxiety about social relationships peaked in early puberty; emotional upset peaked in early puberty to mid-puberty. The results support a hypothesis of phase-specific psychosocial regression correlated with the biological onset of puberty. Children in all pubertal stages were shifting their interests away from parents and toward peers.
作者对8组健康双胞胎及其父母进行了研究，这些双胞胎的生理成熟度从青春期前到青春期后期不等，目的是评估青春期早期的心理变化。访谈和问卷调查数据表明，自我怀疑、逃避责任、对父母的怨恨以及对社会关系的焦虑在青春期早期达到顶峰；情绪困扰在青春期早期到中期达到顶峰。研究结果支持了一个假设，即特定阶段的心理社会退行与青春期的生物学 onset 相关。所有青春期阶段的孩子都在将他们的兴趣从父母转向同龄人。 （注：原文中“biological onset”未明确具体意思，这里保留英文未翻译）
