Organ A E, Bovee E C, Jahn T L
J Cell Biol. 1969 Feb;40(2):389-94. doi: 10.1083/jcb.40.2.389.
Our recent analysis of the nephridial apparatus of Paramecium multimicronucleatum by high-speed cinematography (300 fps at X 250) indicates that before the water expulsion vesicle ("contractile vacuole") is completely voided of fluid during expulsion, the ampullae surrounding and confluent with the vesicle swell with fluid entering from their respective nephridial tubules. Once the membranes of the excretory pore at the base of the excretory canal (leading from the vesicle proper to the outside) have constricted and resealed the excretory pore, the up till then constricted injection tubules of the ampullae which conduct fluid to the vesicle open as waves of contraction along the coacervate gel around the ampulla and proceed along each ampulla from distal to proximal end. The coacervate gel around any one ampulla does not necessarily contract in phase with that of any other ampulla. Each ampulla acts independently. The fluid from the ampullae is thus pumped sequentially, but not in predetermined order, into the water expulsion vesicle, refilling and distending it. Our previous studies (Organ et al., 1968a) suggest that an actomyosinoid ATP-using mechanism may be functional in the ampullary contractions.
我们最近通过高速摄影（250倍放大，每秒300帧）对多核草履虫的肾器进行分析，结果表明，在排水泡（“收缩泡”）在排水过程中完全排空液体之前，围绕该泡并与之汇合的壶腹会因从各自肾管进入的液体而膨胀。一旦排泄管底部（从泡本身通向外部）的排泄孔膜收缩并重新封闭排泄孔，此前一直收缩的壶腹注入小管就会随着沿着壶腹周围凝聚凝胶的收缩波而打开，并从远端向近端沿着每个壶腹推进。任何一个壶腹周围的凝聚凝胶不一定与其他壶腹的凝聚凝胶同步收缩。每个壶腹独立起作用。因此，来自壶腹的液体被依次泵入排水泡，但顺序并非预先确定，从而使排水泡重新充满并膨胀。我们之前的研究（Organ等人，1968a）表明，一种类似肌动球蛋白的利用ATP的机制可能在壶腹收缩中起作用。
