Clark P, Rutter M
J Autism Child Schizophr. 1977 Mar;7(1):33-48. doi: 10.1007/BF01531113.
The study was designed to explore factors related to negativism in autistic children, where negativism was defined as the consistent avoidance of a correct response in a multiple choice discrimination task. A design employed in an earlier study of autistic children (Cowan, Hodinott, & Wright, 1965) was modified to allow a more detailed examination of patterning of the child's responses. A positive relationship was found between use of spoken language and successful performance of the task. However, no child was negativistic. Of the 27 children tested, 18 had a near perfect performance and 9 scored at chance level. A subsequent exact replication of the Cowan et al. method still failed to produce any negativism. A further study using a more difficult discrimination task produced a higher rate of errors but still no negativism. Possible reasons for the failure to replicate are discussed.
该研究旨在探索与自闭症儿童消极行为相关的因素，其中消极行为被定义为在多项选择辨别任务中持续回避正确反应。对早期一项自闭症儿童研究（考恩、霍迪诺特和赖特，1965年）中采用的设计进行了修改，以便更详细地检查儿童反应的模式。研究发现，口语的使用与任务的成功完成之间存在正相关关系。然而，没有儿童表现出消极行为。在接受测试的27名儿童中，18名表现近乎完美，9名得分处于随机水平。随后对考恩等人方法的精确复制仍然没有产生任何消极行为。对未能重复该结果的可能原因进行了讨论。
