Miller L K
Science. 1969 Oct 3;166(3901):105-6. doi: 10.1126/science.166.3901.105.
The adult carabid beetle Pterostichus brevicornis tolerates freezing under natural conditions. Laboratory tests confirm that winter beetles tolerate temperatures below -35 degrees C, whereas summer beetles die if frozen at -6.6 degrees C. Winter beetles can be cooled to about -10 degrees C before freezing, and they thaw near -3.5 degrees C. Summer beetles thaw at -0.7 degrees C. To avoid freezing damage even in winter beetles, cooling rates must be near 20 degrees C per hour or less.
成年步甲甲虫短角婪步甲在自然条件下能够耐受冰冻。实验室测试证实，冬季的甲虫能耐受低于零下35摄氏度的温度，而夏季的甲虫在零下6.6摄氏度时被冷冻就会死亡。冬季的甲虫在冰冻前可以被冷却到大约零下10摄氏度，并且它们在接近零下3.5摄氏度时解冻。夏季的甲虫在零下0.7摄氏度时解冻。为了即使在冬季的甲虫中也避免冰冻损伤，冷却速度必须接近每小时20摄氏度或更低。
