Management of surgical problems in patients on methadone maintenance.

One hundred patients on methadone maintenance admitted to our surgical service were analyzed. The average duration of prior narcotics abuse was ten years and was followed by an average of 2.2 years of methadone maintenance treatment. Sixty-three patients were admitted on an emergency basis, half of these for trauma. Sixty-two patients underwent operative procedures. There were four deaths, none directly related to methadone use. Five patients were admitted for intestinal obstruction secondary to methadone ingestion. This disease entity results from fecal impaction which is induced by methadone's spastic effect on the gastrointestinal tract. Evidence of chronic liver disease was present in half the patients. The associated medical illnesses presented no problems with anesthesia. WHILE METHADONE MAINTENANCE WAS CONTINUED IN THE ACCUSTOMED DOSAGE, POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA WAS ACCOMPLISHED SATISFACTORILY WITH 5O TO 100 MG DOSES OF MEPERIDINE AT 3 HOUR INTERVALS, AS REQUIRED.