Congenital kyphosis is an uncommon, but potentially devastating anomaly of the spine. Without treatment, the tendency is for severe, and sometimes catastrophic deformity. It is the most common etiology for spinal cord compression due to spine deformity, excluding tuberculosis. Few patients have nonprogressive benign lesions. Late treatment is difficult and dangerous. Braces and other forms of non-operative treatment do not work. The best treatment is early posterior fusion, before the curve reaches 50 degrees and before age 5 years. For curves over 60 degrees and over age 5, both posterior and anterior fusion are necessary. If cord compression exists, laminectomy is contraindicated. Anterior cord decompression and fusion are required.
先天性脊柱后凸是一种罕见但可能具有毁灭性的脊柱异常。若不治疗，往往会导致严重甚至灾难性的畸形。它是脊柱畸形导致脊髓受压的最常见病因（不包括结核病）。很少有患者患有非进行性良性病变。晚期治疗困难且危险。支具和其他非手术治疗方法无效。最佳治疗方法是在侧弯度数达到50度之前且年龄在5岁之前尽早进行后路融合术。对于度数超过60度且年龄超过5岁的侧弯，前后路融合术都是必要的。如果存在脊髓受压，禁忌行椎板切除术。需要进行前路脊髓减压和融合术。
