Cranefield P F
Bull Med Libr Assoc. 1967 Apr;55(2):129-34.
Present day programs of computerized information retrieval overvalue the importance of retrieving "facts" without either attaching a scale of importance to the material with which they deal or ordering information in any way which corresponds to the order of human thought. The limitations of classification by subject heading become especially apparent when a body of information becomes, through new insight, pertinent to a new area of thought. That body of information thereby acquires new subject headings: thus one sees that the system of retrieval by subject heading can never serve to aid fundamental discovery. The dangers of the present approach lie in their devaluation of traditional methods. Critical reviews are devalued, personal knowledge of the literature is devalued, and a false impression is created that knowledge is the same thing as retrievable information. This diminishes respect for that sort of personal organization of knowledge which alone can serve creative insight.
当今的计算机信息检索程序高估了检索“事实”的重要性，既没有对所处理的资料赋予重要性的等级，也没有以任何符合人类思维顺序的方式对信息进行排序。当一批信息通过新的见解与一个新的思想领域相关时，按主题词分类的局限性就变得尤为明显。于是这批信息就获得了新的主题词：由此可见，按主题词检索的系统永远无法有助于根本性的发现。当前方法的危险在于它们贬低了传统方法。批判性综述被贬低，对文献的个人知识被贬低，并且造成了一种错误的印象，即知识与可检索信息是同一回事。这削弱了对那种唯有它才能服务于创造性见解的个人知识组织的尊重。
