Schwartz W S, Ramseyer J C, Baker R N
Calif Med. 1967 Dec;107(6):471-80.
Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are brief reversible episodes of neurological dysfunction due to temporary focal cerebral ischemia. Angiography should be performed only when operation is indicated or when the diagnosis is in doubt. Surgical treatment is recommended when the patient is a good surgical risk, when the stenosis is more than 70 per cent in the appropriate vessel and in certain patients with less severe stenotic lesions that appear to be a probable source of emboli. Anticoagulant therapy is indicated when there are recurrent TIAs, when the patient is not a good surgical candidate and when no appropriate surgically remediable lesion is found by angiography. If there is any significant contraindication to anticoagulants they should not be given. Discontinuance of anticoagulant therapy when the patient has been symptom-free for six months is recommended. In the experience of the authors the TIA syndrome is more benign in its course than was originally suspected and a conservative approach to surgical and anticoagulant therapy is recommended.
短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）是由于局部脑缺血暂时导致的短暂性、可逆性神经功能障碍发作。仅在有手术指征或诊断存疑时才应进行血管造影。当患者手术风险较低、合适血管的狭窄超过70%以及某些狭窄程度较轻但似乎是栓子可能来源的患者时，建议进行手术治疗。当出现复发性TIA、患者不是手术的合适人选且血管造影未发现合适的可手术治疗病变时，应进行抗凝治疗。如果对抗凝剂有任何显著禁忌证，则不应给予。建议在患者无症状六个月后停用抗凝治疗。根据作者的经验，TIA综合征在病程中比最初怀疑的更为良性，建议对手术和抗凝治疗采取保守方法。
