Burr A
Soc Sci Med. 1984;19(9):929-38. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(84)90322-8.
In this paper a symbolic approach will be used to explain the high rate of barbiturate misuse among two modern youth movements namely punks and skinheads. It will be argued that punks and skinheads are youth social protest movements which have channelled their social protest through subcultural 'style' and symbolism. Neither group has developed an articulate coherent philosophy at the self-conscious level, rather both groups express their 'style' symbolically by dress, attitudes and behaviour. Both movements are working class in ethic, but whilst punks embody a total alienation from and rejection of conventional society, the skinheads identify with a militant working class ethic. Like many people in modern society, both groups have turned to bodily symbolism as a means of expressing themselves and their position in society. The punks and skinheads interviewed came from extremely disrupted and delinquent backgrounds which may be a general tendency amongst members of these movements. It is suggested that as a result of many of their members' disrupted backgrounds, these groups have developed negative and disturbed attitudes in their ideologies which they express symbolically through the medium of their bodies in a number of ways, including through the use of drugs. Barbiturates are amongst the most self-destructive and negative of drugs and bodily behaviour induced by them provides those punks and skinheads who use drugs with an ideal vehicle for symbolically expressing their frustration and discontent.
本文将采用一种符号学方法来解释在两个现代青年运动群体，即朋克族和光头仔中巴比妥类药物滥用率居高不下的现象。本文认为，朋克族和光头仔是青年社会抗议运动群体，他们通过亚文化的“风格”和象征意义来疏导自己的社会抗议情绪。这两个群体在自我意识层面都没有形成一套清晰连贯的哲学思想，而是都通过着装、态度和行为等方式以象征手法来表达他们的“风格”。这两个运动群体在种族上都属于工人阶级，但朋克族体现出对传统社会的完全疏离和摒弃，而光头仔则认同激进的工人阶级道德规范。和现代社会中的许多人一样，这两个群体都将身体象征作为表达自我以及自身在社会中地位的一种方式。接受采访的朋克族和光头仔都来自极度混乱且有犯罪倾向的背景，这可能是这些运动群体成员的普遍特征。有人认为，由于他们许多成员背景混乱，这些群体在意识形态上形成了消极且紊乱的态度，并通过身体媒介以多种方式将其象征地表达出来，包括使用毒品。巴比妥类药物是最具自我毁灭性和负面性的毒品之一，由其引发的身体行为为那些吸毒的朋克族和光头仔提供了一个理想的载体，用以象征地表达他们的沮丧和不满。
