Grotevant H D, Scarr S, Weinberg R A
Child Dev. 1977 Dec;48(4):1699-1703.
A confluence model was developed by Zajonc and Markus to account for the effects of birth order, child spacing, and family size on intellectual development. the fit of the model was tested on a sample of families with biological and adopted children. Although the model fits population data very well, it fails to account for intellectual patterns within families for whom both parent and child IQ data are available. The discrepancy is discussed in terms of sources of variance within and between families that are undetected in average values for a population.
扎荣茨和马库斯开发了一种融合模型，以解释出生顺序、孩子间隔和家庭规模对智力发展的影响。该模型在一个包含亲生孩子和领养孩子的家庭样本上进行了拟合测试。尽管该模型与总体数据拟合得很好，但它无法解释那些父母和孩子智商数据都可获得的家庭内部的智力模式。从总体平均值中未被检测到的家庭内部和家庭之间的方差来源方面对这种差异进行了讨论。
