Schwartz G J, Diller K R
Cryobiology. 1984 Dec;21(6):654-60. doi: 10.1016/0011-2240(84)90224-4.
Human granulocyte suspensions were exposed to controlled freezing regimens on a cryomicroscope, and the incidence of intracellular freezing was measured as a function of cooling rate and extracellular nucleation temperature. The presence of intracellular ice was assessed by analysis of serially recorded images of the freeze-thaw process and by correlation with measured patterns of change in the cell volume. For granulocytes suspended in autologous plasma, a threshold was described for intracellular freezing as an empirical function of cooling rate (B) and extracellular nucleation temperature (Tn): B (degrees C/min) = 1.1 Tn (degrees C) + 12.3.
将人类粒细胞悬液置于低温显微镜下，使其暴露于可控的冷冻方案中，并根据降温速率和细胞外成核温度测量细胞内结冰的发生率。通过分析冻融过程的系列记录图像以及与测量的细胞体积变化模式进行关联，来评估细胞内冰的存在情况。对于悬浮于自体血浆中的粒细胞，描述了细胞内结冰的一个阈值，它是降温速率（B）和细胞外成核温度（Tn）的经验函数：B（℃/分钟）= 1.1Tn（℃）+ 12.3。
