Spielmann J, Sebestyén M
Clio Med. 1983;18(1-4):43-68.
This essay starts with a short description of the life and works of Michael Servetus. Then the part of the innovator the Spanish physician played in describing the minor circulation is being examined alongside the contributions made by other contemporary physicians who tried to explain this physiological process. The ideas of the philosophical anthropology of Servetus are represented with special stress of the fact that beyond the theological frame, in his main opus Christianismi restitutio there are typical characteristics from the Renaissance (i.e. ethic relativism etc.). At the end it becomes clear that the description of the minor circulation is only to serve the purpose of explaining Servetus's theological thesis according to which the seat of the soul is in the blood. He stipulates that the "sensible soul" is to be found in the choroidal plexus of the ventricles of the brain or else in the pineal gland. It is one of the merits of Servetus, too, that he had foreseen the capillaries (capillares) which he describes as well in the case of the lung vessels as in the case of the choroidal plexus in the brain. The last part deals with the history and background of the new edition of Christianismi restitutio, published 1790 in Nuremberg, which again is based on some recent archival research.
本文开篇简要介绍了迈克尔·塞尔维特的生平与著作。接着，探讨了这位西班牙医生作为创新者在描述小循环方面所起的作用，并将其与同时期其他试图解释这一生理过程的医生所做的贡献进行了对比。文中特别强调了塞尔维特哲学人类学的观点，即在其主要著作《基督教的复兴》中，除了神学框架之外，还具有文艺复兴时期的典型特征（如伦理相对主义等）。最后可以明确的是，对小循环的描述仅仅是为了解释塞尔维特的神学论点，即灵魂位于血液之中。他规定“感知灵魂”存在于脑室的脉络丛中，或者存在于松果体中。塞尔维特的功绩之一还在于，他预见到了毛细血管，他在描述肺血管以及脑脉络丛时都提到了毛细血管。最后一部分讲述了1790年在纽伦堡出版的《基督教的复兴》新版的历史与背景，此次新版同样基于近期的一些档案研究。
