Davies R O, Irvin J D, Kramsch D K, Walker J F, Moncloa F
Am J Med. 1984 Aug 20;77(2A):23-35. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(84)80055-8.
Overall, the worldwide experience on enalapril to date is very encouraging. The drug produces good to excellent responses in 54 to 66 percent of patients with essential hypertension and is at least as effective as either diuretics or beta blockers. The effects of enalapril compared with those of diuretics confirm that patients more dependent upon the renin-angiotensin system respond better. When hydrochlorothiazide is administered concomitantly with enalapril, almost all patients respond, with good long-term maintenance. In patients with severe hypertension, Blocadren or Aldomet may be added in addition to hydrochlorothiazide and will produce additional benefit. Enalapril attenuates the adverse metabolic effects of hydrochlorothiazide, particularly hypokalemia. Overall, although the efficacy of enalapril and that of captopril are similar, enalapril is better tolerated and does not appear to be associated with any significant occurrence of captopril-type side effects, particularly the skin rash and loss of taste. As expected, enalapril and other converting inhibitors may be associated with azotemia in patients with bilateral renovascular hypertension.
总体而言,迄今为止依那普利在全球范围内的应用经验非常令人鼓舞。该药物在54%至66%的原发性高血压患者中产生良好至极佳的反应,且至少与利尿剂或β受体阻滞剂一样有效。与利尿剂相比,依那普利的效果证实了更多依赖肾素 - 血管紧张素系统的患者反应更好。当氢氯噻嗪与依那普利同时给药时,几乎所有患者都有反应,且长期维持良好。在重度高血压患者中,除氢氯噻嗪外,可加用心得安或甲基多巴,会产生额外益处。依那普利可减轻氢氯噻嗪的不良代谢作用,尤其是低钾血症。总体而言,虽然依那普利和卡托普利的疗效相似,但依那普利耐受性更好,似乎与卡托普利型副作用的任何显著发生无关,尤其是皮疹和味觉丧失。正如预期的那样,依那普利和其他转换酶抑制剂可能与双侧肾血管性高血压患者的氮质血症有关。