Scully B E, Neu H C
Am J Surg. 1984 Oct 19;148(4A):35-40.
The clinical efficacy and safety of ceftriaxone when administered twice daily was evaluated in the treatment of serious infections, including 9 episodes of bacteremia, 4 of pneumonia, 7 of intra-abdominal or soft tissue infections, 11 of urinary tract infections, 3 of osteomyelitis, and 5 of meningitis. Causative pathogens were Strep. pneumoniae, other hemolytic streptococci, E. coli, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, and species of Enterobacter, Serratia, and Pseudomonas. The overall clinical cure rate was 87 percent and the bacteriologic cure rate was 77 percent. Cures were achieved in infections due to organisms resistant to ampicillin, cefazolin, cefamandole, carbenicillin, and gentamicin. Peak plasma levels were far in excess of the minimal inhibitory concentrations of Enterobacteriaceae. Adverse effects were infrequent, and in only one instance was it necessary to discontinue treatment. Resistance to ceftriaxone developed during therapy with several Enterobacter and Pseudomonas species isolates. Ceftriaxone appears to be a useful agent for treatment of serious gram-negative infections in seriously ill patients.
评估了每日两次给药的头孢曲松治疗严重感染的临床疗效和安全性,这些严重感染包括9例菌血症、4例肺炎、7例腹腔或软组织感染、11例尿路感染、3例骨髓炎和5例脑膜炎。致病病原体为肺炎链球菌、其他溶血性链球菌、大肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌以及肠杆菌属、沙雷菌属和假单胞菌属的菌种。总体临床治愈率为87%,细菌学治愈率为77%。对氨苄西林、头孢唑林、头孢孟多、羧苄西林和庆大霉素耐药的病原体所致感染也获得了治愈。血浆峰浓度远高于肠杆菌科细菌的最低抑菌浓度。不良反应很少见,仅1例有必要停药。治疗期间,几种肠杆菌属和假单胞菌属分离株对头孢曲松产生了耐药性。头孢曲松似乎是治疗重症患者严重革兰阴性菌感染的有效药物。