Mahley R W, Innerarity T L, Rall S C, Weisgraber K H
J Lipid Res. 1984 Dec 1;25(12):1277-94.
Plasma lipoprotein metabolism is regulated and controlled by the specific apolipoprotein (apo-) constituents of the various lipoprotein classes. The major apolipoproteins include apoE, apoB, apoA-I, apoA-II, apoA-IV, apoC-I, apoC-II, and apoC-III. Specific apolipoproteins function in the regulation of lipoprotein metabolism through their involvement in the transport and redistribution of lipids among various cells and tissues, through their role as cofactors for enzymes of lipid metabolism, or through their maintenance of the structure of the lipoprotein particles. The primary structures of most of the apolipoproteins are now known, and various functional domains of these proteins are being mapped using selective chemical modification, synthetic peptides, and monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, the establishment of structure-function relationships has been greatly advanced by the identification of genetically determined variants of specific apolipoproteins that are associated with a disorder of lipoprotein metabolism. Future studies will rely heavily on the use of recombinant DNA technology and site-specific mutagenesis to elucidate further the correlations between structure and function and the role of specific apolipoproteins in lipoprotein metabolism.
血浆脂蛋白代谢受各种脂蛋白类别的特定载脂蛋白成分调节和控制。主要载脂蛋白包括载脂蛋白E、载脂蛋白B、载脂蛋白A-I、载脂蛋白A-II、载脂蛋白A-IV、载脂蛋白C-I、载脂蛋白C-II和载脂蛋白C-III。特定载脂蛋白通过参与脂质在各种细胞和组织之间的转运和再分布、作为脂质代谢酶的辅助因子或维持脂蛋白颗粒的结构来调节脂蛋白代谢。现在大多数载脂蛋白的一级结构已为人所知，并且正在使用选择性化学修饰、合成肽和单克隆抗体绘制这些蛋白质的各种功能域。此外，通过鉴定与脂蛋白代谢紊乱相关的特定载脂蛋白的基因决定变体，结构-功能关系的建立有了很大进展。未来的研究将严重依赖重组DNA技术和位点特异性诱变的使用，以进一步阐明结构与功能之间的相关性以及特定载脂蛋白在脂蛋白代谢中的作用。
