The neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

The neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an evidently underdiagnosed but potentially lethal consequence of treatment with potent neuroleptics. The author presents a detailed review of the clinical characteristics and differential diagnosis of the NMS as described in the world literature. Further studies of the incidence, etiology and pathogenesis of the NMS may enhance knowledge of neuroleptic pharmacology and produce more effective means of prevention and treatment.