McGarry M G
Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1980 Jul 28;209(1174):37-46. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1980.0070.
Appropriate technologies for environmental hygiene usually centre on the delivery of adequate and accessible water supply, and proper treatment and disposal of excreta and refuse. In the face of the International Drinking Water and Sanitation Decade of 1981-90, several research efforts are under way in the developing countries to develop technologies and approaches for improving environmental hygiene in both rural areas and urban squatter settlements. These are discussed and include the technical development and field testing of infiltration galleries, low-cost slow and fast filtration processes for water treatment, handpumps, on-site excreta disposal using aqua-privy and compost toilets, and excreta treatment and refuse through composting with refuse, biogas generation, fish culture and use of excreta as crop fertilizer. The relevant technology 'hardware' is but one of several components necessary for effective delivery of services. The dearth of qualified manpower at all levels is described as being the major constraint to the Water and Sanitation Decade.
环境卫生的适用技术通常集中在提供充足且易于获取的供水，以及对排泄物和垃圾进行妥善处理与处置。面对1981 - 1990年国际饮水与卫生十年，发展中国家正在开展多项研究工作，以开发改善农村地区和城市棚户区环境卫生的技术与方法。这些技术与方法包括渗渠的技术开发与现场测试、用于水处理的低成本慢速和快速过滤工艺、手动泵、使用水冲式厕所和堆肥厕所进行现场排泄物处置，以及通过与垃圾混合堆肥、沼气生产、养鱼和将排泄物用作作物肥料来处理排泄物和垃圾。相关技术“硬件”只是有效提供服务所需的几个组成部分之一。各级合格人力的匮乏被认为是饮水与卫生十年的主要制约因素。
