Tsiantis J, Blackburn I M, Lyketsos G C
Br J Med Psychol. 1981 Sep;54(Pt 3):251-8. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8341.1981.tb01455.x.
Hostility towards self and others often precipitates admission to hospital of the schizophrenic patient. A follow-up study of 24 newly admitted schizophrenic patients during eight weeks of treatment indicated high intropunitiveness and extra-punitiveness at admission which decreased concurrently with psychopathology. The larger change was in intro-punitiveness, resulting in an increase in the original predominance of extra-punitiveness. The various measures of hostility were not predictive of response to treatment at eight weeks. Comparisons between the schizophrenic group and a group of depressed patients indicated significant differences in the expression of hostility. At admission the schizophrenic patients are less intro-punitive and more extra-punitive than the depressed patients, these differences disappearing after eight weeks of treatment. This finding tends to support the psychodynamic view of projective and introjective mechanisms in these two illness groups.
对自己和他人的敌意往往促使精神分裂症患者入院。一项对24名新入院精神分裂症患者进行的为期八周治疗的随访研究表明，入院时患者具有较高的内罚性和外罚性，且这些特质会随着精神病理学症状的减轻而同步下降。内罚性的变化更大，导致外罚性在原本的主导地位上有所增加。各种敌意测量指标均无法预测八周治疗后的反应。精神分裂症组与抑郁症组的比较表明，两组在敌意表达上存在显著差异。入院时，精神分裂症患者比抑郁症患者的内罚性更低、外罚性更高，经过八周治疗后这些差异消失。这一发现倾向于支持这两个疾病组中投射和内摄机制的精神动力学观点。
