Anderson G H, Johnston J L
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1983 Mar;61(3):271-81. doi: 10.1139/y83-042.
Dietary fluctuations in nutrient availability are factors in the regulation of brain function. Until recently the prevailing view was that brain biochemistry and function were influenced by diet only when biochemical and clinical evidence of nutrient deficiency was present. It is now clear, however, that the brain is sensitive and responsive to diet composition. Preliminary data show that variation in vitamin and mineral nutrient intakes over ranges that are considered to maintain normal nutritional status may impact on brain biochemistry, owing to their many coenzyme roles. Furthermore, the synthesis of at least five brain neurotransmitters, namely serotonin, the catecholamines, acetylcholine, histamine, and glycine responds to dietary fluctuations in availability of their nutrient precursors, tryptophan, tyrosine, choline, histidine, and threonine, respectively. Not only are these biochemical events altered by normal variations in diet composition, but considerable evidence now exists to show that the brain uses this information to regulate many functions. Future studies can be expected to continue to elucidate the links between diet, brain neurotransmission, and brain function, and to exploit the application of these links in understanding the function of the brain under normal and disease conditions.
饮食中营养物质可利用性的波动是调节大脑功能的因素。直到最近，普遍的观点还是只有当出现营养缺乏的生化和临床证据时，饮食才会影响大脑生物化学和功能。然而，现在很清楚的是，大脑对饮食组成敏感且有反应。初步数据表明，在被认为能维持正常营养状态的范围内，维生素和矿物质营养素摄入量的变化可能会影响大脑生物化学，这是由于它们具有多种辅酶作用。此外，至少五种大脑神经递质，即血清素、儿茶酚胺、乙酰胆碱、组胺和甘氨酸的合成，分别对其营养前体色氨酸、酪氨酸、胆碱、组氨酸和苏氨酸可利用性的饮食波动做出反应。这些生化事件不仅会因饮食组成的正常变化而改变，而且现在有大量证据表明大脑利用这些信息来调节许多功能。未来的研究有望继续阐明饮食、大脑神经传递和大脑功能之间的联系，并利用这些联系来理解大脑在正常和疾病状态下的功能。
