Mellerio F
Rev Electroencephalogr Neurophysiol Clin. 1982 Dec;12(4):325-31. doi: 10.1016/s0370-4475(82)80021-x.
During acute intoxications, the first EEG may show persistence or abolition of cerebral activity, but the possibility of recovery after isoelectric tracing in toxic comas must be emphasized. EEG patterns frequently suggest the probability of hypnotic tranquilizer poisoning; 4 types of EEG are encountered corresponding to different grades of toxic coma. Recurrent periods of electrical silence alternating with bursts of activity are habitually recorded in carus comas with hypothermia due to acute barbiturate intoxication, with good prognosis. The possibility of a neurological disturbance associated with drug overdose must be raised whenever an asymmetric tracing is encountered. Serial recordings may detect complications such as: a localized lesion, anoxia or, very rarely, typical paroxysmal abnormalities reappearing in comitial patients before emergence from a toxic coma. Paradoxical monomorphic delta activity corresponding to improvement must not be considered as an aggravation. Peculiar EEG findings occur after oral trichlorethylene poisoning, with temporary clinical deterioration and intermittent periods of electrical silence; recovery is possible. An alpha-like pattern after cardiac arrest of toxic origin has a poor prognosis. The appearance of alternating patterns suggests the development of irreversible brain damage.
在急性中毒期间,首次脑电图可能显示脑活动持续或消失,但必须强调在中毒性昏迷出现等电位脑电图后恢复的可能性。脑电图模式常常提示催眠镇静剂中毒的可能性;根据中毒性昏迷的不同程度可出现4种脑电图类型。在因急性巴比妥类药物中毒伴体温过低的深昏迷中,常记录到电静息期与活动爆发交替出现,预后良好。每当遇到不对称脑电图时,必须考虑药物过量相关神经功能障碍的可能性。系列记录可能检测到并发症,如:局部病变、缺氧,或在中毒性昏迷苏醒前,癫痫患者中极罕见地再次出现典型的阵发性异常。与病情改善相对应的矛盾性单形性δ活动不应被视为病情加重。口服三氯乙烯中毒后会出现特殊的脑电图表现,伴有暂时的临床恶化和间歇性电静息期;有可能恢复。中毒性心脏骤停后出现类似α波的模式预后不良。交替模式的出现提示不可逆性脑损伤的发展。