Seizinger B R, Bovermann K, Maysinger D, Höllt V, Herz A
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1983;18 Suppl 1:361-9. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(83)90200-9.
Acute ethanol treatment induced a significant increase in the tissue levels of immunoreactive (ir-) Met-enkephalin in hypothalamus, striatum and midbrain, but not in hippocampus. Levels of ir-dynorphin, ir-alpha-neo-endorphin and ir-beta-endorphin were not found to be significantly altered in brain and pituitary. Chronic ethanol treatment (by the use of ethanol liquid diet) resulted in a more than 50% decrease of the tissue levels of ir-dynorphin and ir-alpha-neo-endorphin in hypothalamus and hippocampus, while both peptides remained unchanged in midbrain, striatum, adenohypophysis and neurointermediate pituitary. In contrast, ir-met-enkephalin was decreased in striatum and hypothalamus, but unaffected in midbrain and hippocampus. Levels or ir-beta-endorphin remained unchanged in the brain and in the pituitary. However, the de novo biosynthesis of beta-endorphin and its prohormones beta-lipotropin and pro-opiomelanocortin was increased in the intermediate pituitary and to an even more pronounced degree, in the adenohypophysis, after chronic treatment of rats with ethanol liquid diet, nevertheless, the amounts of opiate-active beta-endorphin were found to be reduced in both lobes of the pituitary: In the adenohypophysis, this was due to a retardation of the enzymatic processing of beta-endorphin from its precursor beta-lipotropin, while in the intermediate pituitary the alpha-N-acetylation of beta-endorphin to opiate-inactive alpha-N-acetyl-beta-endorphin was stimulated. In conclusion, acute and chronic ethanol treatment caused selective alterations on different opioid peptide systems within distinct areas of the rat brain and pituitary.
急性乙醇处理可使下丘脑、纹状体和中脑内免疫反应性（ir-）甲硫氨酸脑啡肽的组织水平显著升高，但海马体中未出现这种情况。未发现脑和垂体中ir-强啡肽、ir-α-新内啡肽和ir-β-内啡肽的水平有显著变化。慢性乙醇处理（通过给予乙醇液体饲料）导致下丘脑和海马体中ir-强啡肽和ir-α-新内啡肽的组织水平下降超过50%，而中脑、纹状体、腺垂体和神经垂体中间叶中的这两种肽水平保持不变。相比之下，ir-甲硫氨酸脑啡肽在纹状体和下丘脑中减少，但在中脑和海马体中未受影响。脑和垂体中ir-β-内啡肽的水平保持不变。然而，在用乙醇液体饲料长期处理大鼠后，垂体中间叶中β-内啡肽及其前体β-促脂素和阿片-促黑素皮质素原的从头生物合成增加，在腺垂体中增加更为明显，尽管如此，垂体两叶中具有阿片活性的β-内啡肽的量均减少：在腺垂体中，这是由于β-内啡肽从其前体β-促脂素的酶促加工延迟，而在垂体中间叶中，β-内啡肽向无阿片活性的α-N-乙酰-β-内啡肽的α-N-乙酰化受到刺激。总之，急性和慢性乙醇处理对大鼠脑和垂体不同区域内的不同阿片肽系统产生了选择性改变。
