Belitskiĭ B R, Shakulov R S
Mol Biol (Mosk). 1980 Nov-Dec;14(6):1342-53.
Amount of guanosine-5'-triphosphate, 3'-diphosphate (pppGpp) and guanosine-5'-diphosphate, 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) in the cells of b. subtilis increased several times during starvation for lysine or after treatment with serine hydroxamate (analog of serine) or norvaline (analog of leucine), or in the presence of trimethoprim, which induced deficiency of methionine and leucine. In exponentially growing cells the concentration of pppGpp was found to be 10-20 pmol/A600. When serine hydroxamate or trimethoprim were added, concentration of pppGpp increased to 500-800 pmol/A600 and then slowly diminished. Elimination of lysine or addition to the culture medium of norvaline caused slight transitory accumulation of pppGpp (150 pmol/A600). The amount of another nucleotide ppGpp was always 2-3 times lower than one of pppGpp. Accumulation of (p)ppGpp in rel+ cells was accompanied by cessation of stable RNA synthesis. Under conditions described above rel- cells continued RNA synthesis and did not accumulate (p)ppGpp. In the rel+ cells treated with serine hydroxamate synthesis of stable RNA resumed and the amount of (p)ppGpp decreased after addition of serine or tetracycline and chloramphenicol. The half-life period for pppGpp in the presence of chloramphenicol was determined to be 30-40 seconds. Thus, during aminoacyl-tRNA deficiency rel+ cells of B. subtilis accumulate (p)ppGpp, which are believed to participate in negative regulation of RNA synthesis. Slight accumulation of pppGpp without concomitant inhibition of stable RNA synthesis was observed after treatment of growing cells with chloramphenicol.
在赖氨酸饥饿期间、用丝氨酸羟肟酸（丝氨酸类似物）或正缬氨酸（亮氨酸类似物）处理后，或在甲氧苄啶存在（其会导致蛋氨酸和亮氨酸缺乏）的情况下，枯草芽孢杆菌细胞中的鸟苷 - 5'-三磷酸 - 3'-二磷酸（pppGpp）和鸟苷 - 5'-二磷酸 - 3'-二磷酸（ppGpp）的量增加了几倍。在指数生长的细胞中，发现pppGpp的浓度为10 - 20 pmol/A600。当添加丝氨酸羟肟酸或甲氧苄啶时，pppGpp的浓度增加到500 - 800 pmol/A600，然后缓慢下降。去除赖氨酸或向培养基中添加正缬氨酸会导致pppGpp轻微短暂积累（150 pmol/A600）。另一种核苷酸ppGpp的量总是比pppGpp低2 - 3倍。rel +细胞中（p）ppGpp的积累伴随着稳定RNA合成的停止。在上述条件下，rel -细胞继续进行RNA合成且不积累（p）ppGpp。在用丝氨酸羟肟酸处理的rel +细胞中，稳定RNA的合成恢复，添加丝氨酸、四环素和氯霉素后（p）ppGpp的量减少。在氯霉素存在的情况下，pppGpp的半衰期确定为30 - 40秒。因此，在氨酰 - tRNA缺乏期间，枯草芽孢杆菌的rel +细胞积累（p）ppGpp，据信其参与RNA合成的负调控。在用氯霉素处理生长中的细胞后，观察到pppGpp有轻微积累但未伴随稳定RNA合成的抑制。
