Bisping H J, Kreuzer J, Birkenheier H
Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1980 Jul;3(4):424-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1980.tb05251.x.
There is still a high incidence of dislodgement, threshold rises, and loss of sensing with permanent transvenous endocardial leads. Atrial leads are an even greater problem and require particularly reliable methods of fixation. In March, 1976 we reported our preliminary results from animal experiments using a new transvenous screw-in lead with introduction protection. This lead differs from other screw-in models as its spiral tip is retracted in the insulating tube during insertion. For fixation purposes a torque is applied to the proximal end of the conductor coil, which is loosely positioned within the tube, and this moves the helical electrode forward. One hundred and fifty endocardial electrodes have been implanted; 127 of them in the dilated ventricle and 23 in the atrium. The technique of introducing the lead into the vein (cephalic or jugular) was the same as that for conventional leads. It was easy to manage and quite uncomplicated. The fixation features in the atrium or the ventricle were sufficiently reliable to allow some patients to go home several hours post-implant. The total working time of the leads used has been 900 months; the overall complication rate is 2%.
永久经静脉心内膜导线的脱位、阈值升高及感知丧失发生率仍然很高。心房导线问题更为严重，需要特别可靠的固定方法。1976年3月，我们报告了使用一种新型带导入保护装置的经静脉旋入式导线进行动物实验的初步结果。这种导线与其他旋入式型号不同，其螺旋尖端在插入过程中缩回到绝缘管内。为了固定，对松散置于管内的导体线圈近端施加扭矩，这会使螺旋电极向前移动。已植入150个心内膜电极；其中127个植入扩张的心室，23个植入心房。将导线引入静脉（头静脉或颈静脉）的技术与传统导线相同。操作简便，并不复杂。心房或心室中的固定特性足够可靠，使得一些患者在植入后数小时即可回家。所用导线的总工作时间已达900个月；总体并发症发生率为2%。
