Arrangement and fine structure of lymphatic vessels in the human spermatic cord.

The arrangement and architecture of lymphatic vessels in the human spermatic cord was investigated using ink injection methods, and light and electron microscopy. Near the testis lymphatic capillaries are found in close association with the ductus deferens and are grouped like alveoles where collecting vessels emerge. Collecting vessels are arranged at the periphery of the plexus pampiniformis decreasing in number towards the inguinal canal. Single smooth muscle cells are found in the wall of the initial segments of the collecting ducts. In the proximal part of the spermatic cord most of the lymphatics have several layers of muscle cells in their wall. But at places where collecting vessels are equipped with valves the muscular coat is almost completely interrupted. Thereby functional units are established, consisting of one valve and the following intervalvular segment which measures 2-3 mm in length.