Kolff W J
Artif Organs. 1977 Aug;1(1):8-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1977.tb00963.x.
One hundred thousand (100,000) people are living--thanks to Artificial Kidneys. We need more emphasis on Home Dialysis. The immediate future will bring us: WAK (Wearable Artificial Kidney) FAK (Filtrating Artificial Kidney) PAK (Peritoneal Artificial Kidney) HAK (Hemoperfusion Artificial Kidney). Intra-aortic balloon pumps and transapical left ventricular bypass may offer patients now dying from heart failure, a possibility to either recover or be maintained until an artificial heart is available. Our aim is to create an Artificial Heart to totally replace the irreparably sick human heart. We have obtained survival times up to more than six months after total replacement of the natural heart in calves. Dr. Steve Jacobsen's Artificial Arm is activated by electromyographic signals that are derived from the shoulder muscles. The Artificial Eye makes use of direct stimulation of the visual cortex of the brain by arrays of electrodes situated against the visual cortex. For the Artificial Ear, we stimulate the fibers of the eighth nerve by threading platinum wires up into the cochlea. Deaf volunteers can hear rhythm, loudness and some pitch.
多亏了人工肾，十万人得以存活。我们需要更加重视家庭透析。在不久的将来，我们将迎来：可穿戴人工肾（WAK）、滤过型人工肾（FAK）、腹膜人工肾（PAK）、血液灌流人工肾（HAK）。主动脉内球囊泵和经心尖左心室旁路术可能会为目前因心力衰竭而濒临死亡的患者提供康复或维持生命的机会，直到有可用的人工心脏。我们的目标是制造出完全替代病入膏肓的人类心脏的人工心脏。在小牛完全替换自然心脏后，我们已使它们的存活时间达到六个多月。史蒂夫·雅各布森博士的人造手臂由源自肩部肌肉的肌电信号驱动。人造眼通过紧贴视觉皮层放置的电极阵列直接刺激大脑的视觉皮层。对于人造耳，我们将铂丝穿入耳蜗以刺激第八神经的纤维。失聪志愿者能够听到节奏、响度和一些音高。
