Studies on the human tumor nucleolar antigens.

With rabbit antibodies to nuclear 0.01 M Tris-HCl, pH 8, extract or "nucleolar preparations" of human HeLa S3 cells and fluorescein-labeled goat antirabbit antibodies, bright nucleolar immunofluorescence was observed in human adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, sarcomas, hematological neoplasms, and other malignant tumors. With these antibodies, nucleolar immunofluorescence was not found in most normal tissue specimens, benign adenomas, hyperplastic tissues, and specimens of inflammatory diseases. A study was made on the presence in benign and malignant breast tumors of a common nucleolar antigen previously found in a broad range of human malignant tumors. Bright nucleolar immunofluorescence was observed in 19/20 (95%) of known breast cancer specimens. In the group of 80 unknown samples in the "blind" study, 75 (94%) were correctly identified as malignant or benign on the basis of the presence and distribution of the nucleolar fluorescence. In a group of 67 samples in which the nucleolar fluorescence was either readily observed or virtually absent, 47/48 (98%) of the malignant tumors were correctly identified. Of the bening lesions or normal breast specimens, 18/19 (95%) were correctly identified as negative for nucleolar fluorescence. These studies extend the results previously reported for a common nucleolar antigen in a broad range of human cancers to a larger series of malignancies of a particular organ. The tumor nucleolar antigen(s) were partially characterized by isoelectric focusing on 4% polyacrylamide gels. One major band had a pI of 6.3 and a minor band had a pI of 6.1. These antigens were not found in the normal human liver nucleoli.