Medullary origin of vagal preganglionic axons to the heart of the cat.

It is apparent from the literature that a controversy exists concerning the site of origin of cardiac vagal preganglionic axons. Physiological studies have suggested that the location of these neurons may be different in different species and there has been disagreement between physiological and anatomical findings in the same species. We now present anatomical and neurophysiological studies suggesting that in the cat cardiac vagal preganglionic neurons are located in two medullary regions: the areas of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) and of the nucleus ambiguus (AMB). This suggestion is based on the following observations. Firstly, after application of horseradish peroxidase to the right cardiac branches of the vagus nerve, labeled neurons were found primarily in the regions of te DMV and AMB. Additional scattered neurons were found in the reticular formation between these two nuclei. Secondly, following injections of tritiated amino acids into either the DMV or AMB, labeled vagal fibers were found in the atrial myocardium. Finally, electrical stimulation of the right cardiac branches of the vagus nerve antidromically activated DMV or AMB, labeled vagal fibers were found in the atrial myocardium. Finally, neurons in the DMV and AMB regions with latencies corresponding to conduction velocities of B-fibers. In addition, these neurons were orthodromically excited by electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus and aortic depressor nerves.