Subunit and primary structure of a mouse alpha-macroglobulin, a human alpha 2-macroglobulin homologue.

A mouse alpha-macroglobulin (AMG), a homologue of human alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2 M), has been purified to homogeneity. In contrast to human and acute-phase rat alpha 2 M which contains subunits of about Mr 190 000, the mouse protein contains two major (Mr 163000 and 35000) and one minor (Mr 185000) subunits. Also unlike human alpha 2 M, which can be broken down into about 85000-dalton subunits when reacted with an endopeptidase, the native AMG is cleaved by trypsin into multiple components (Mr 86000, 63000, 61000 and 33000). Two-dimensional peptide map analysis of these various 125I-labeled subunit components reveals that the 185000- and 163000-dalton components are homologous proteins but only the 185000-dalton protein contains the 35000-dalton component. The 163000-dalton protein is cleaved by trypsin into 86000- and 63000-dalton components, and the 86-kDa component in turn can be broken down into 61000- and 33000-dalton fragments. Since the 35000-dalton component is serologically related to AMG but does not share any tryptic peptides with both the 163000- and 33000-dalton components, it is neither a copurified impurity nor a cleavage product of the major (163000-dalton) subunit. AMG, therefore, is composed of covalently linked subunits of Mr 163000 and 35000, and the 185000-dalton protein may be a variant subunit of AMG. Trypsin treatment of the [14C]methylamine-labeled AMG and alpha 2 M also sequentially generate subunit patterns indistinguishable from those of the unlabeled macroglobulins. The methylamine-sensitive site(s) of AMG is localized in the 63000-dalton peptide, which is rather resistant to trypsin digestion and to staining by Coomassie brillant blue. We conclude from this study that the mouse homologue has a subunit composition and primary structure distinctly different from those of human and rat alpha 2 M.