Actions of dopamine on prolactin secretion and cyclic AMP metabolism in ovine pituitary cells.

Prolactin secretion from cultured sheep pituitary cells was inhibited by low concentrations of dopamine (0.1 nM-0.1 microM) with a half-maximal effect at 3 nM. At a maximally effective dose (0.1 microM) dopamine significantly inhibited prolactin secretion within 5 min. with an 80% inhibition of basal secretion over 2 h. Basal prolactin secretion was stimulated by the addition of methylisobutylxanthine (MIX) (0.3-1.0 mM) and 8-bromo-cyclic AMP (2 mM), but cholera toxin (3 micrograms/ml) and prostaglandin E2 (0.1-1.0 microM), which also raised cellular cyclic AMP levels, had no effect on prolactin release. The inhibition of prolactin release by dopamine (0.1 microM) was not affected by any of these compounds. Dopamine inhibited MIX-induced cyclic AMP accumulation over a similar concentration range to the inhibition of secretion, but had no effect on the changes in cyclic AMP concentration produced by cholera toxin and prostaglandin E2. Overall the results with sheep pituitary cells suggest that lowered cyclic AMP levels do not mediate the inhibitory effects of dopamine on basal prolactin secretion, but that changes in cellular cyclic AMP levels may alter the secretion of this hormone, and dopamine may affect pituitary cell cyclic AMP concentrations in some circumstances.