Coronary hemodynamics following intravenous or intracoronary injection of diltiazem in man.

We measured coronary sinus blood flow by continuous thermodilution technique and aortic pressure after administration of diltiazem to 23 patients with coronary artery disease. In one group of patients (n = 12) the drug was infused at a rate of 0.15 mg/kg during 2 min followed by an infusion of 0.05 mg/kg during 8 min. Heart rate was unchanged except at 5 min when it decreased slightly. Aortic pressure was significantly (p less than 0.01) decreased, while coronary sinus flow increased slightly and transiently. A second group of patients (n = 5) received an intracoronary injection of 0.15 mg/kg of diltiazem into the left coronary artery. In a third group of patients (n = 7) 0.05 mg/kg of diltiazem was injected into the left coronary artery. In both these two groups the drug induced a marked increase of coronary sinus flow and a decrease of aortic pressure, while myocardial oxygen consumption was unchanged. This effect was dose related, since the rise in coronary flow was 47% with an injection of 0.15 mg/kg but only 23% with a dose of 0.05 mg-kg. These changes were short-lasting with values returning to normal within 10 min after the injection. We conclude that diltiazem is a potent dilator of coronary arteries.