Zöllner N
Proc Nutr Soc. 1982 Sep;41(3):329-42. doi: 10.1079/pns19820048.
The pathways of purine biosynthesis and degradation have been elucidated during the last 30 years; the regulation of the mechanisms involved is not yet fully understood, particularly with respect to quantitative aspects. Research into inborn errors of purine metabolism has provided valuable insights into purine synthesis and salvage pathways. Nutrition experiments using purine-free formula diets and supplements with defined purine sources permit precise descriptions of the influence of various dietary purines on uric acid formation. Supplements of dietary purines produce dose-proportional increases in plasma uric acid concentrations, uric acid pool size and renal uric acid excretion. The magnitude of these increases depends on the type of purine compound administered, which may limit the value of food tables for human dietetics. Purine content of food must be related not only to weight but also to energy and to protein, particularly if new foodstuffs or a vegetarian diet are ingested. Dietary purines appear to influence the biosynthesis of pyrimidines. In contrast to dietary purines, pyrimidines in the diet, if administered as nucleosides or nucleotides, are utilized in animals for the synthesis of nucleic acids. Much further work is necessary for a better understanding of the inter-relationships of purine and pyrimidine metabolism.
在过去30年里，嘌呤生物合成和降解的途径已被阐明；但对相关机制的调节，尤其是在定量方面，尚未完全了解。对嘌呤代谢先天性缺陷的研究为嘌呤合成和补救途径提供了有价值的见解。使用无嘌呤配方饮食和添加特定嘌呤来源的营养实验，能够精确描述各种膳食嘌呤对尿酸形成的影响。膳食嘌呤补充剂会使血浆尿酸浓度、尿酸池大小和肾脏尿酸排泄量呈剂量比例增加。这些增加的幅度取决于所施用的嘌呤化合物类型，这可能会限制食物成分表在人类营养学中的价值。食物中的嘌呤含量不仅必须与重量相关，还必须与能量和蛋白质相关，特别是在摄入新食物或素食时。膳食嘌呤似乎会影响嘧啶的生物合成。与膳食嘌呤不同，饮食中的嘧啶如果以核苷或核苷酸形式施用，在动物体内会用于合成核酸。为了更好地理解嘌呤和嘧啶代谢的相互关系，还需要进行更多的研究。
