Furrer F, Deonna T
Helv Paediatr Acta. 1982 Sep;37(4):301-16.
In 28 children with persistent toe-walking, in whom no etiologic diagnosis was evident from the beginning, we have studied peri- and postnatal history, details of locomotor development and the evolution of the symptom (toe-walking). A detailed neurological and orthopaedic examination was performed. Four main groups could be identified: 1. minimal spastic diplegia (5 children), 2. habitual toe-walking (9 children), 3. congenital short tendo calcaneus (4 children), 4. mixed or unclassified (10 children). A detailed reevaluation of this latter group has enabled us to reclassify them in one of the three major categories even if in certain cases several factors seemed to play a role in the toe-walking. Diagnostic criteria, the evolution and consequences of the symptom, and the familial aspect are discussed. Regarding habitual toe-walking, the history of pre-walking locomotor development, the characteristics of behaviour and the knowledge of normal development of independent gait do not offer a general explanation for this particular motor behaviour.
在28例持续性用脚尖行走的儿童中，从一开始就未发现明显的病因诊断，我们研究了围产期和产后病史、运动发育细节以及症状（用脚尖行走）的演变。进行了详细的神经和骨科检查。可分为四个主要组：1. 轻度痉挛性双侧瘫（5例儿童），2. 习惯性用脚尖行走（9例儿童），3. 先天性跟腱短（4例儿童），4. 混合型或未分类（10例儿童）。对后一组进行详细重新评估后，即使在某些情况下似乎有几个因素在脚尖行走中起作用，我们也能够将他们重新归类到三个主要类别之一。讨论了诊断标准、症状的演变和后果以及家族方面。关于习惯性用脚尖行走，步行前运动发育史、行为特征以及独立步态正常发育的知识并不能对这种特殊的运动行为提供一个普遍的解释。
