Intrinsic organization of the cat's medial geniculate body identified by projections to binaural response-specific bands in the primary auditory cortex.

The area of the cat's primary auditory cortex (AI) within which high frequency sounds are represented can be subdivided using functional criteria. Within each subdivision, or "binaural interaction band," all recorded neurons display similar responses to binaural stimulation. The current study distinguishes the thalamic sources of input to these subdivisions of AI and characterizes the topography within the thalamic projection to each class of bands. The borders of binaural bands in AI were mapped using microelectrode recording with diotic tonal stimulation, then injections of one to three retrograde tracers were introduced into identified bands. Within the ventral division (V) of the medial geniculate body (the major thalamic source of input to AI), the neuronal populations that projected to different classes of binaural bands were strictly segregated from each other. This segregation of class-specific thalamic sources constitutes a laminar organization within an axis of V that is orthogonal to the previously described tonotopic organization. Excitatory/excitatory (EE) binaural neurons in AI were found to be segregated from excitatory/inhibitory (EI) neurons in alternating "bands." We consistently identified: (1) a ventral pair of rostrocaudally continuous EI and EE bands, (2) a middle area within which the pattern of binaural subdivisions was more variable and within which bands often were discontinuous rostrocaudally, and (3) a dorsal zone (DZ) within which the responses of neurons differed in binaural properties and in frequency specificity from the response patterns that were characteristic of neurons elsewhere in AI. Each EI band apparently derived input that converged from three thickened laminae of cells in V that were oriented approximately horizontally. The most ventral of these laminae encompassed the ovoidal part of V (Vo), suggesting that EI bands are the only recipients in AI of a projection from Vo. All of the EE bands and DZ derived their input from a single continuous structure which included the dorsal two-thirds of the rostral pole of V and a horizontal lamina interposed between the two dorsalmost EI-projecting laminae. Restricted portions of the complex EE-projecting structure in V projected preferentially to particular EE subdivisions of AI. The V-to-AI thalamocortical topography exhibited a high degree of convergence and divergence within the projections to each cortical binaural band and within the projections to each class of bands. These observations indicate that the high frequency representation in AI and its principal thalamic source of input, the ventral division of the medial geniculate body, may be thought of as assemblies of spatially discrete, functionally distinguishable subunits. The significance of this intrinsic organization is discussed in regard to the requirements for analysis of sound stimuli.