Dressler J
Fortschr Med. 1983 Mar 24;101(11):451-4.
Aside from imaging techniques several (radio-)immunological analyses are used for tumor diagnosis. Oncofetal antigens, for instance the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), have become the most important substances for many malignancies. However, nearly all of the so-called tumor markers are not suitable for early diagnosis or screening either because of low sensitivity or low tumor specificity. On the other hand follow-up measurements give a very sensitive index of the success of treatment and may indicate tumor progression when other signs are still not present. In some carcinomas and under some clinical circumstances tumor specific markers are available and mandatory for detection and/or staging: AFP in hepatoma, acid phosphatase in metastasizing carcinoma of the prostate and serum thyreoglobulin in differentiated thyroid cancer.
除了成像技术外，几种（放射）免疫分析方法也用于肿瘤诊断。癌胚抗原，例如癌胚抗原（CEA）和甲胎蛋白（AFP），已成为许多恶性肿瘤最重要的物质。然而，几乎所有所谓的肿瘤标志物都不适合早期诊断或筛查，要么是因为敏感性低，要么是因为肿瘤特异性低。另一方面，随访测量为治疗成功提供了非常敏感的指标，并且在其他体征仍未出现时可能表明肿瘤进展。在某些癌症和某些临床情况下，有肿瘤特异性标志物可用于检测和/或分期：肝癌中的AFP、前列腺转移癌中的酸性磷酸酶以及分化型甲状腺癌中的血清甲状腺球蛋白。
