Spataro R F
Radiol Clin North Am. 1984 Jun;22(2):365-80.
New low-osmolality ratio-3 contrast media have been shown to have less toxicity than currently used contrast media. In intravenous excretory urography, these agents give significantly higher urinary iodine concentrations, produce less diuresis, and are better tolerated by patients because of fewer unpleasant side effects. These newer low-osmolality contrast media have significant advantages in intravenous urography.
新型低渗比-3造影剂已被证明比目前使用的造影剂毒性更低。在静脉肾盂造影中，这些制剂可使尿碘浓度显著升高，利尿作用减弱，且因不良反应较少而更易被患者耐受。这些新型低渗造影剂在静脉肾盂造影中具有显著优势。
