Murphy T F, Barza M
Rev Infect Dis. 1982 Nov-Dec;4 Suppl:S670-5. doi: 10.1093/clinids/4.supplement_3.s670.
Forty-eight case report forms for patients with cultures positive for intraabdominal infection treated with moxalactam were reviewed. The infections included abscess or peritonitis due to appendicitis (26); intraabdominal abscess of other causes (7); peritonitis due to bowel perforation (6), bowel infarction (5), or salpingitis (3); and gangrenous cholecystitis (1). Cultures of peritoneal fluid or abscess contents were performed for all patients. Seventy-eight aerobes and 118 anaerobes were isolated from the 48 patients. Thirty-eight patients (79.2%) were cured, therapy failed in nine (18.8%), and one (2%) developed fatal superinfection with Candida. The nine patients for whom treatment failed had a higher frequency of resistant anaerobes in their initial cultures (59%) than did the patients who were cured (29%; P = 0.036). An enterococcal isolate appeared to play a role in at least one treatment failure. There were no serious adverse reactions; eosinophilia (greater than 500 eosinophils/mm3) occurred in 17.4% of the patients, and phlebitis at the intravenous administration site occurred in one patient. Thus moxalactam shows promise as a single agent for the treatment of intraabdominal infections.
回顾了48份使用头孢氧哌唑治疗腹腔感染培养阳性患者的病例报告表。感染包括阑尾炎引起的脓肿或腹膜炎（26例）；其他原因引起的腹腔脓肿（7例）；肠穿孔、肠梗死或输卵管炎引起的腹膜炎（分别为6例、5例和3例）；以及坏疽性胆囊炎（1例）。对所有患者的腹腔液或脓肿内容物进行了培养。从48例患者中分离出78株需氧菌和118株厌氧菌。38例患者（79.2%）治愈，9例（18.8%）治疗失败，1例（2%）发生念珠菌致命性二重感染。治疗失败的9例患者初始培养中耐药厌氧菌的发生率（59%）高于治愈患者（29%；P = 0.036）。一株肠球菌分离株似乎在至少一次治疗失败中起作用。未出现严重不良反应；17.4%的患者出现嗜酸性粒细胞增多（嗜酸性粒细胞>500/mm³），1例患者在静脉给药部位出现静脉炎。因此，头孢氧哌唑作为治疗腹腔感染的单一药物显示出前景。
