Shebilske W L, Karmiohl C M, Proffitt D R
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1983 Apr;9(2):270-7. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.9.2.270.
Two experiments measured distance judgments in reduced and structured viewing conditions before and after induced phoria. Experiment 1 induced phoria shifts with three 5-min. intervals of close handwork (i.e., needle threading) that had naturalistic characteristics of observers (a) choosing their own viewing distance, (b) moving their heads freely, and (c) viewing in a well-illuminated, structured environment. The handwork induced a 1.20-diopter esophoric shift and a 1.22-cm overestimation of distance under reduced test conditions. The handwork induced no measurable illusion under structured viewing conditions. Experiment 2 induced phoria shifts with 10 min. of fixation on a target 11 cm away. This procedure induced a 4.65-diopter esophoric shift, a 6.34-cm overestimation of distance in reduced conditions, and a 2.31-cm overestimation of distance in structured conditions. We argue that visual and motor information interact to determine perceptions and that induced esophoric shifts in everyday situations may shape the nature of that interaction.
两项实验测量了在诱导性隐斜前后，在简化和结构化观察条件下的距离判断。实验1通过三次5分钟的近距离手工操作（即穿针引线）诱导隐斜变化，这些操作具有观察者的自然特征：(a) 自行选择观察距离，(b) 自由移动头部，以及 (c) 在光线充足、结构良好的环境中观察。在简化测试条件下，手工操作诱导了1.20屈光度的内隐斜变化和1.22厘米的距离高估。在结构化观察条件下，手工操作未诱导出可测量的错觉。实验2通过对11厘米外的目标进行10分钟的注视来诱导隐斜变化。该程序诱导了4.65屈光度的内隐斜变化，在简化条件下距离高估6.34厘米，在结构化条件下距离高估2.31厘米。我们认为视觉和运动信息相互作用以确定感知，并且日常情况下诱导的内隐斜变化可能会塑造这种相互作用的性质。
