King D L
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1983 Jun;9(3):474-86.
A set of tiny (T) and huge (H) anchor circles and a set of small (S) and large (L) intermediate circles were used. Trials with TT, HH, TH, and HT pairs were immediately and unexpectedly followed by single trials with SS, LL, SL, or LS pairs. In addition, the anchor and intermediate sets were interchanged. Subjects took longer to decide that unexpected SL and LS pairs were different, and they made no errors to unexpected SS and LL pairs. In contrast, subjects took less time to decide that unexpected SS and LL pairs were the same, and they frequently made errors to unexpected SL and LS pairs. Nonetheless, subjects' responses to the unexpected pairs of anchor circles were not similarly affected. Decision-criterion explanations can probably be discounted. Instead, the findings accord with earlier research suggesting that memory involving anchor stimuli increases the perceived similarity of intermediate and/or relatively similar stimuli. However, the present findings strongly suggest that memory altered the quality of sensory information at a perceptual level. This memorial influence seemingly occurred within about 400 msec. In one study, a set of large and huge circles replaced the small and large set, and similar results were found. This study relates to theories of anchor effects.
使用了一组微小（T）和巨大（H）的锚定圆以及一组小（S）和大（L）的中间圆。TT、HH、TH和HT对的试验之后，紧接着意外地进行了SS、LL、SL或LS对的单次试验。此外，锚定集和中间集进行了互换。受试者判断意外的SL和LS对不同所需的时间更长，而他们对意外的SS和LL对没有做出错误判断。相比之下，受试者判断意外的SS和LL对相同所需的时间更短，并且他们经常对意外的SL和LS对做出错误判断。尽管如此，受试者对意外的锚定圆对的反应并未受到类似影响。决策标准的解释可能可以排除。相反，这些发现与早期研究一致，表明涉及锚定刺激的记忆增加了中间和/或相对相似刺激的感知相似性。然而，目前的发现强烈表明，记忆在感知层面改变了感官信息的质量。这种记忆影响似乎发生在大约400毫秒内。在一项研究中，一组大的和巨大的圆取代了小的和大的组，也发现了类似的结果。这项研究与锚定效应的理论有关。
