Pagel J F
Am Fam Physician. 1978 Feb;17(2):165-9.
Primary sleep disorders include narcolepsy, the Pickwickian syndrome, sleep apnea in infants and other rare conditions. Secondary sleep disorders occur in depression, alcoholism, endocrinopathies, heart failure and pregnancy. Medical symptomatology often increases during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, when physiologic activity is high. Insomnia, the most common sleep disorder, requires careful work-up, attempts at environmental manipulation and judicious short-term pharmacotherapy. Pharmacologic manipulation of sleep is beset with complications. A basic understanding of properties and side effects of the sleep-inducing drugs is needed in order to select the optimal agent.
原发性睡眠障碍包括发作性睡病、匹克威克综合征、婴儿睡眠呼吸暂停及其他罕见病症。继发性睡眠障碍见于抑郁症、酒精中毒、内分泌疾病、心力衰竭及妊娠。在快速眼动（REM）睡眠期间，当生理活动活跃时，医学症状往往会加重。失眠是最常见的睡眠障碍，需要仔细检查、尝试环境调整以及谨慎进行短期药物治疗。睡眠的药物治疗存在诸多并发症。为了选择最佳药物，需要对助眠药物的特性和副作用有基本的了解。
