van Oss C J, Absolom D R, Neumann A W
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1983;416:332-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1983.tb35197.x.
Owing to the high surface tension of blood cells and to the equally high surface tension of their liquid habitat, the Hamaker coefficients A131 of blood cells (subscript 1) in blood (subscript 3), are unusually small; they are of the order of 0.25 to 2.5 X 10(-16) ergs. The very small van der Waals attractions such low Hamaker coefficients give rise to, coupled to the medium low but still sizable negative xi-potentials (-11 to -18 mV) of the cells, which cause an appreciable mutual electrostatic repulsion between blood cells, have been used to elaborate potential energy vs. distance diagrams, which closely reflect the unusual stability of blood cells in blood. When bacteria find their way into the bloodstream, they initially form an almost equally stable suspension. However, relatively hydrophobic nonpathogenic bacteria quickly aspecifically adsorb immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules from blood serum, whilst hydrophilic pathogenic bacteria sooner or later also become coated with specific antibody molecules of the IgG-class. Through receptor sites on the surface of phagocytic blood cells, which can specifically bind to the Fc tails of IgG molecules, bacteria are first bound and then removed from the blood circulation and surrounding tissues. These Fc-receptor bonds presumably also are of a combined van der Waals and electrostatic nature. Thus in the normal course of events and by purely physicochemical mechanisms, phagocytic leukocytes will neither interfere with other leukocytes nor with any other blood cells, whilst they specifically interact with microorganisms and other unwanted foreign particles via IgG-IgG-receptor interactions. Also discussed, in the light of the principles elaborated above, are: some of the antiphagocytic mechanisms developed by certain pathogenic bacteria; the phagocytic disposal of aged, weak, or abnormal blood cells; and the role played by immunoglobulins other than IgG, and by complement, in the removal of bacteria and viruses.
由于血细胞的高表面张力以及它们所处液体环境同样高的表面张力，血细胞（下标1）在血液（下标3）中的哈梅克系数A131异常小，约为0.25至2.5×10⁻¹⁶尔格。如此低的哈梅克系数所产生的范德华引力非常小，再加上细胞具有中等偏低但仍相当可观的负ξ电位（-11至-18毫伏），这会导致血细胞之间产生明显的相互静电排斥，据此绘制了势能与距离的关系图，该图能很好地反映血细胞在血液中的异常稳定性。当细菌进入血液循环时，它们最初会形成几乎同样稳定的悬浮液。然而，相对疏水的非致病细菌会迅速非特异性地从血清中吸附免疫球蛋白G（IgG）分子，而亲水的致病细菌迟早也会被IgG类的特异性抗体分子包裹。通过吞噬血细胞表面能特异性结合IgG分子Fc尾的受体位点，细菌首先被结合，然后从血液循环和周围组织中清除。这些Fc受体键可能同样具有范德华力和静电作用的综合性质。因此，在正常情况下，通过纯粹的物理化学机制，吞噬性白细胞既不会干扰其他白细胞，也不会干扰任何其他血细胞，而它们会通过IgG-IgG受体相互作用与微生物和其他不需要的外来颗粒发生特异性相互作用。根据上述阐述的原理，还讨论了：某些致病细菌所发展出的一些抗吞噬机制；对衰老、虚弱或异常血细胞的吞噬处理；以及除IgG之外的免疫球蛋白和补体在清除细菌和病毒中所起的作用。
