Yaniv M
Biol Cell. 1984;50(3):203-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1768-322x.1984.tb00268.x.
In this review we try to examine some of the recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms that control gene expression in eukaryotes. We discuss the nature of the positive regulation exerted by adenovirus, herpes virus or papova immediate early proteins. These proteins which can activate homologous promoters can also stimulate transcription from cellular promoters present on transfected DNA. This property of the E1a gene product of Adenovirus e.g. may be related to its immortalizing function. Transcription of cellular genes can be stimulated by viral or cellular short DNA elements named enhancers. These elements acting in cis, can be placed 5' or 3' to the gene and function in both orientations. Some of them show a remarkable cell specificity in their action. Enhancers affect the chromatin structure by creating a local nuclease sensitive region that may serve as an entry site for RNA polymerase II or for factors involved in the process of transcription initiation.
在本综述中，我们试图探讨在理解真核生物基因表达调控机制方面的一些最新进展。我们讨论腺病毒、疱疹病毒或乳头瘤病毒立即早期蛋白所施加的正调控的性质。这些能够激活同源启动子的蛋白，也能刺激转染DNA上存在的细胞启动子的转录。例如，腺病毒E1a基因产物的这一特性可能与其永生化功能有关。细胞基因的转录可被称为增强子的病毒或细胞短DNA元件所刺激。这些顺式作用元件可置于基因的5'端或3'端，并以两种方向发挥作用。其中一些在作用上表现出显著的细胞特异性。增强子通过创建一个局部核酸酶敏感区域来影响染色质结构，该区域可能作为RNA聚合酶II或转录起始过程中涉及的因子的进入位点。
