Porter R W, Hibbert C, Evans C
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1984 May-Jun;9(4):418-21. doi: 10.1097/00007632-198405000-00017.
An attempt was made to recognize entrapment of the lumbar root within the root canal using four criteria; (1) severe, constant root pain to the lower leg, (2) pain unrelieved by bed rest, (3) minimal tension signs, and (4) patients over 40 years of age. Two hundred forty-nine patients fulfilled the criteria, representing 11% of patients attending a back pain clinic. Most had restricted spinal extension, but few had abnormal neurologic signs. Degenerative change was common, especially disc space reduction. Central canal size measured by ultrasound was normal, compatible with a variable past history of back pain. Patients with a long history of back pain numbered 80%, and 90.4% were managed by nonoperative means. Although 78% of these still had some root pain between 1 and 4 years after first attendance, most of them were not troubled sufficiently to have sought alternative help.
（1）小腿严重且持续的根性疼痛；（2）卧床休息不能缓解疼痛；（3）张力征轻微；（4）年龄超过40岁。249名患者符合这些标准，占背痛门诊患者的11%。大多数患者脊柱后伸受限，但很少有异常神经体征。退变改变很常见，尤其是椎间盘间隙变窄。超声测量的中央管大小正常，这与既往有背痛病史相符。有长期背痛病史的患者占80%，90.4%的患者采用非手术方法治疗。尽管其中78%的患者在首次就诊后1至4年仍有一些根性疼痛，但大多数患者并未受到足够困扰而寻求其他帮助。
