Manning D P, Mitchell R G, Blanchfield L P
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1984 Oct;9(7):734-9. doi: 10.1097/00007632-198410000-00014.
During 1980, 1153 employees attended the Occupational Health Department with back pain out of a working population of 13,958 in a car factory. Four hundred one were absent from work and a further 64 patients were restricted by back pain and unable to perform their normal work. One hundred forty-seven cases of back pain arose at work, and 71 in and around the home. All those who were absent or restricted were questioned about the onset of back pain in order to distinguish between accidental and nonaccidental injuries (NAI), and an accident model was used to structure the information. There were 122 accidents, 114 NAI, and 165 patients who could not attribute a cause to their back pain. A significantly higher proportion of the NAI arose at home and, conversely, a higher proportion of accidents occurred at work. Eighty (66%) of the accidents were underfoot accidents, including 57 slips. There were highly significant differences between the body movements contributing to accidents and NAI. Significantly more of the NAI than the accidents involved load handling, but 52% of the patients able to attribute a cause to their back pain were not moving loads. While handling of loads is important, attention should be directed to other contributory factors such as unsafe floor surfaces and bending and twisting movements--not only at work but also in and around the home.
1980年期间，在一家汽车厂13958名员工中，有1153人因背痛前往职业健康部门就诊。401人缺勤，另有64名患者因背痛而工作受限，无法正常工作。147例背痛发生在工作时，71例发生在家中或家的周围。所有缺勤或工作受限的人员都被询问了背痛的发作情况，以便区分意外伤害和非意外伤害（NAI），并采用事故模型来整理信息。有122起事故，114起非意外伤害，还有165名患者无法确定背痛的原因。非意外伤害在家中发生的比例显著更高，相反，事故在工作时发生的比例更高。80起（66%）事故是脚下事故，其中包括57起滑倒。导致事故和非意外伤害的身体动作存在高度显著差异。与事故相比，非意外伤害中涉及负荷搬运的比例显著更高，但52%能够确定背痛原因的患者在搬运负荷时并未移动。虽然负荷搬运很重要，但应关注其他促成因素，如不安全的地面以及弯腰和扭转动作——不仅在工作时，在家中及家的周围也应注意。
