Amir S, Brown Z W, Amit Z
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1980 Spring;4(1):77-86. doi: 10.1016/0149-7634(80)90027-5.
Several lines of evidence suggest that the endogenous opioid peptides endorphins may play a role in the defensive response of the organism to stress. The present paper summarizes these findings as well as evidence linking endorphins to the anterior pituitary polypeptide hormone adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). Evidence is presented that endorphins may function as trophic hormones in peripheral target organs such as the adrenal medulla and the pancreas. As such they may be part of the physiological mechanisms that mediate adrenaline and glucagon release in response to stress. Endorphins (enkephalins) are also suggested to play a role in the control of the pituitary gland during stress. In such capacity they may act as hormone-releasing or inhibiting factors. Finally, endorphins appear to play a role in the behavioral concomitants of stress. In such capacity endorphins are suggested to function as modulators of neural systems that mediate the elaboration and expression of the reactive/affective components of stress. Speculations on the mode of interaction between endorphins and ACTH in the global response to stress are discussed.
多项证据表明，内源性阿片肽（内啡肽）可能在机体对应激的防御反应中发挥作用。本文总结了这些发现以及将内啡肽与垂体前叶多肽激素促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）联系起来的证据。有证据表明，内啡肽可能在肾上腺髓质和胰腺等外周靶器官中作为营养激素发挥作用。因此，它们可能是介导应激反应中肾上腺素和胰高血糖素释放的生理机制的一部分。内啡肽（脑啡肽）也被认为在应激期间对垂体的控制中发挥作用。在这种情况下，它们可能作为激素释放或抑制因子起作用。最后，内啡肽似乎在应激的行为伴随现象中发挥作用。在这种情况下，内啡肽被认为作为神经系统的调节剂，介导应激的反应性/情感成分的形成和表达。本文还讨论了关于内啡肽与ACTH在对应激的整体反应中的相互作用模式的推测。
