Hentschel H, Meyer W
Z Mikrosk Anat Forsch. 1980;94(2):217-40.
The distribution and activities of phosphatases and oxidative enzymes have been determined with the help of histochemical methods in the kidney of the Prussian Carp, a stenohaline freshwater-fish. In addition to fish maintained in freshwater aquaria, a group of the animals used has been adapted to seawater of moderate salinity. The following pattern of enzyme reaction intensities has been observed in the various kidney structures: Strong reactions of alkaline phosphatase in the nephron are confined to the glomerular capillary convolute and the brush border of proximal segments. Equally enzyme activities are observed in the connective tissue sheath of the collecting duct -- archinephric duct system. Acid phosphatase can be detected in all segments of the nephronic tubule, strong activities are found in the proximal segment (P I), in the epithelium of the archinephric duct, and, especially, in the interstitial tissue. ATPase reacts strongly positive in epithelial cells of the distal tubule and the collecting duct -- archinephric duct system. ATPase reactions are inhibited by Ouabain, and therefore can be regarded as reactions of Na--K-ATPase. Mitochondrially bound oxidative enzymes, connected with the citric acid cycle and the respiratory chain, show very strong reaction intensities in the distal tubule and the collecting duct- archinephric duct system, while the glomeruli generally exhibit negative reactions. Lactate -- and malate dehydrogenases are found to react weakly to negatively throughout the whole kidney. Maintenance in seawater does not deeply affect the enzyme pattern of the kidney of the Prussian carp, with exception of some oxidative enzymes, reacting weaker in the distal tubule and the collecting duct-archinephric duct system. In addition, the epithelial cells of the archinephric duct of seawater adapted fish show a marked apical localization of reaction products for these enzymes. Possible relations between enzyme histochemistry and fish kidney physiology are discussed, in connection with comparative aspects of the enzyme histochemistry of the vertebrate kidney. A short review of normal histology and function of the kidney of the Prussian carp is added.
借助组织化学方法，已测定了狭盐性淡水鱼——鲤鱼肾脏中磷酸酶和氧化酶的分布及活性。除了饲养在淡水水族箱中的鱼外，所使用的一组动物已适应了中等盐度的海水。在肾脏的各种结构中观察到了以下酶反应强度模式：碱性磷酸酶在肾单位中的强烈反应局限于肾小球毛细血管袢和近端小管的刷状缘。在集合管——原肾管系统的结缔组织鞘中也观察到了同等的酶活性。酸性磷酸酶可在肾小管的所有节段中检测到，在近端节段（P I）、原肾管上皮，尤其是间质组织中发现了较强的活性。ATP酶在远端小管和集合管——原肾管系统的上皮细胞中反应呈强阳性。ATP酶反应受哇巴因抑制，因此可被视为Na - K - ATP酶的反应。与柠檬酸循环和呼吸链相关的线粒体结合氧化酶，在远端小管和集合管——原肾管系统中显示出非常强的反应强度，而肾小球通常呈现阴性反应。乳酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶在整个肾脏中反应较弱至阴性。饲养在海水中对鲤鱼肾脏的酶模式影响不大，除了一些氧化酶在远端小管和集合管——原肾管系统中的反应较弱。此外，适应海水的鱼的原肾管上皮细胞显示出这些酶的反应产物在顶端有明显的定位。结合脊椎动物肾脏酶组织化学的比较方面，讨论了酶组织化学与鱼肾脏生理学之间可能的关系。还添加了对鲤鱼肾脏正常组织学和功能的简短综述。
