Taylor I G
J Laryngol Otol. 1980 Dec;94(12):1327-43. doi: 10.1017/s0022215100090162.
A review of the present position concerning the causes of congenital sensori-neural deafness has been presented. Significant success has been achieved in the reduction, if not the elimination, of congenital deafness arising from the rhesus factor. Indications are that babies admitted to special care units show few children with severe sensori-neural deafness. The greatest opportunity for a significant reduction in the incidence of congenital sensori-neural deafness lies in the prevention of maternal infection by the rubella virus. There is a possibility that deafness could be avoided in many as one third of children so born if a vigorous vaccination programme is pursued. If the number of women undergoing abortion for suspected rubella continues at the same annual rate the reduction of children born deaf as a result of the rubella virus will anticipate the reduction which could be expected for an effective immunization programme. If the immunization programme can be fully implemented the need for abortion will decline. The relationship of prematurity and deafness is an area where doubt must still remain. Although some statistics have stressed the relationship between prematurity and congenital sensori-neural deafness, the latest study reported indicates that for the last four years prematurity has not featured as a significant concomitant factor. On the other hand, it does appear that, in the study of D'Souza, McCartney, Nolan and Taylor (1980) of the 26 babies who took ten minutes or more to establish spontaneous respiration, the one baby found to have a hearing loss was one of two babies who had no vital signs at birth. It may be that the establishment of a heart beat is even more significant than oxygen lack. Consideration of the value of offering genetic counselling to deaf school leavers is under consideration.
本文对先天性感音神经性耳聋的病因现状进行了综述。在减少（即便不是消除）由恒河猴因子引起的先天性耳聋方面已取得显著成效。有迹象表明，入住特殊护理病房的婴儿中，患有严重感音神经性耳聋的儿童较少。大幅降低先天性感音神经性耳聋发病率的最大机会在于预防孕妇感染风疹病毒。如果推行积极的疫苗接种计划，那么多达三分之一的此类患儿有可能避免耳聋。如果因疑似风疹而进行人工流产的女性数量继续保持相同的年增长率，那么因风疹病毒导致的先天性耳聋患儿数量的减少将早于有效免疫计划预期的减少。如果免疫计划能够全面实施，人工流产的需求将会下降。早产与耳聋之间的关系仍是一个存在疑问的领域。尽管一些统计数据强调了早产与先天性感音神经性耳聋之间的关系，但最新报道的研究表明，在过去四年中，早产并未成为一个显著的伴随因素。另一方面，在D'Souza、McCartney、Nolan和Taylor（1980年）对26名自主呼吸建立时间达十分钟或更长时间的婴儿的研究中，发现有听力损失的那名婴儿是出生时没有生命体征的两名婴儿之一。也许心跳的建立比缺氧更为重要。目前正在考虑为失聪的离校学生提供遗传咨询的价值。
