Nakashima T, Morita N, Inoki M, Nakanishi Y, Tazumi T, Kurogochi Y
Eur J Pharmacol. 1980 Oct 31;67(4):383-91. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(80)90179-x.
The hypokalemic response was roughly proportional to the dose of insulin. The hypokalemia due to adding insulin to galactose or fructose loading was slightly greater than that with insulin and glucose or mannose loading, suggesting a hexose stereospecificity of the response. When epinephrine (13.6 nmol/kg, i.v.) was given after one of the hexoses plus insulin, the hyperkalemia with glucose and galactose was 2.5-3 mEq/l, about twice that due to fructose or mannose. The hyperglycemia was about 2 mmol/l for glucose, 1 mmol/l for galactose, mannose, fructose, and ouabain with glucose, and 0.25 mmol/l for phloridzin with glucose. Addition of epinephrine, isoproterenol, and cAMP caused a significant depression of Na+,K+-ATPase activity in rat liver (P < 0.01) but the addition of insulin did not. These results show that there was a relation between the levels of blood glucose and serum potassium after an insulin-containing hexose infusion and that membrane permeability was stereospecific.
低钾血症反应大致与胰岛素剂量成正比。在半乳糖或果糖负荷试验中加用胰岛素所致的低钾血症，略大于胰岛素与葡萄糖或甘露糖负荷试验时的情况，提示该反应存在己糖立体特异性。在给予其中一种己糖加胰岛素后静脉注射肾上腺素（13.6 nmol/kg）时，葡萄糖和半乳糖所致的高钾血症为2.5 - 3 mEq/l，约为果糖或甘露糖所致高钾血症的两倍。葡萄糖所致的高血糖约为2 mmol/l，半乳糖、甘露糖、果糖以及葡萄糖加哇巴因所致的高血糖为1 mmol/l，葡萄糖加根皮苷所致的高血糖为0.25 mmol/l。肾上腺素、异丙肾上腺素和环磷酸腺苷的加入可使大鼠肝脏钠钾ATP酶活性显著降低（P < 0.01），但胰岛素的加入则无此作用。这些结果表明，含胰岛素的己糖输注后血糖水平与血清钾水平之间存在关联，且膜通透性具有立体特异性。
