Liggins G C, Kitterman J A, Campos G A, Clements J A, Forster C S, Lee C H, Creasy R K
J Dev Physiol. 1981 Feb;3(1):1-14.
Pulmonary maturation in six ovine fetuses hypophysectomised by a cryosurgical method at 0.7-0.8 of pregnancy and delivered by hysterotomy at 152.2 +/- 2.9 (SD) days was compared with that in seven control fetuses delivered at 144.5 +/- 3.5 days. Both the wet and the dry weight of the lungs was less in the hypophysectomised fetuses but total DNA did not differ. Lung volumes at 40 cm of H2O and at 5 cm of H2O on deflation in hypophysectomised fetuses were less than one-third that of controls. Saturated phosphatidylcholine, as an estimate of surfactant, was lower in both lung tissue and lavage fluid. A further group of hypophysectomised fetuses was infused intravenously either with cortisol at 1 mg/h for 72 h (n = 6), or with ACTH1-24 at 5 microgram/h for 84 h (n = 6) before delivery at 155.0 +/- 2.1 days and 154.2 +/- 3.9 days respectively. None of the indices of pulmonary maturation in the cortisol-treated fetuses differed from those in untreated hypophysectomised fetuses whereas values for lung volumes at 40 and 5 cm of H2O in ACTH-treated fetuses were more than twice those of untreated hypophysectomised fetuses and did not differ significantly from controls. In addition, the amount of saturated phosphatidylcholine in lavage fluid was greater in ACTH-treated fetuses (0.13 +/- 0.10 mg/g) than in untreated hypophysectomised fetuses (0.04 +/- 0.48 mg/g). Lung volume at 40 cm of H2O in four fetuses that were thyroidectomised at the time of hypophysectomy responded to ACTH as in hypophysectomised fetuses with intact thyroids but other indices were unaffected. We conclude that hypophysectomy retards pulmonary maturation in fetal sheep. Since ACTH restores distensibility and increases alveolar surfactant in the absence of other pituitary hormones it is likely that ACTH has a major role in lung maturation. The lack of response to cortisol suggests that the effect of ACTH is not mediated only by circulating cortisol.
将妊娠0.7 - 0.8时通过冷冻手术方法切除垂体的6只绵羊胎儿的肺成熟情况，与在144.5±3.5天分娩的7只对照胎儿的肺成熟情况进行比较。切除垂体的胎儿肺的湿重和干重均较低，但总DNA无差异。切除垂体的胎儿在40 cm水柱和放气至5 cm水柱时的肺容量不到对照组的三分之一。作为表面活性剂指标的饱和磷脂酰胆碱，在肺组织和灌洗液中均较低。另一组切除垂体的胎儿在分别于155.0±2.1天和154.2±3.9天分娩前，静脉注射1 mg/h皮质醇72小时（n = 6）或5 μg/h促肾上腺皮质激素1 - 24 84小时（n = 6）。皮质醇治疗的胎儿肺成熟指标与未治疗的切除垂体胎儿无差异，而促肾上腺皮质激素治疗的胎儿在40和5 cm水柱时的肺容量是未治疗的切除垂体胎儿的两倍多，且与对照组无显著差异。此外，促肾上腺皮质激素治疗的胎儿灌洗液中饱和磷脂酰胆碱的量（0.13±0.10 mg/g）高于未治疗的切除垂体胎儿（0.04±0.48 mg/g）。在切除垂体时同时进行甲状腺切除的4只胎儿，其在40 cm水柱时的肺容量对促肾上腺皮质激素的反应与甲状腺完整的切除垂体胎儿相同，但其他指标未受影响。我们得出结论，切除垂体可延缓胎儿绵羊的肺成熟。由于促肾上腺皮质激素在缺乏其他垂体激素的情况下可恢复肺的扩张性并增加肺泡表面活性剂，因此促肾上腺皮质激素可能在肺成熟中起主要作用。对皮质醇无反应表明促肾上腺皮质激素的作用并非仅由循环中的皮质醇介导。
